日本农业绿色发展的路径、成效与政策启示 -pg电子娱乐平台

doi:10.12357/cjea.20220372日本农业绿色发展的路径、成效与政策启示[j].中国生态农业学报(中英文),2023,31(1):149162masustainableagriculturaldevelopmentfromgreenperspectivejapan:paths,results,policyinspira-tions[j].chinesejournaleco-agriculture,2023,31(1):149162日本农业绿色发展的路径、成效与政策启示推进农业绿色发展是实现农业农村现代化发展的重要方向。日本自20世纪70年代以来逐渐形成了以有机农业和环境保全型农业为主要路径的农业绿色发展模式。通过创新组织机构、构建完善的法律体系、强化优良案例的引导作用等主要举措,在体系建设、政策支持、生态农户认定、化学品投入减量化等方面取得了一定的成效。本文采用归纳法系统梳理日本农业绿色发展相关组织机构创新与法律法规体系的演变,通过案例分析总结对比优良案例的成功路径与主要经验。研究发现,首先,日本通过社会团体、议员联盟、有机学会等组织机构的创设,逐渐形成了官民一体的协同推进机制。其次,行政主管部门不断完善支持农业绿色发展的相关政策,逐步构建了较为精准的法律法规支援体系。同时,为了鼓励和激励农业经营主体选择绿色生产行为,日本农林主管部门设置了具有日本特色的各项荣誉,涌现出众多的优良事例,为日本农业绿色可持续发展起到了良好的示范和带头作用。尽管如此,日本农业绿色发展整体规模在国家农业布局中仍属小众化产业,虽然环境保全型农业的普及率实现了较大幅度的增长,但仍然面临生态农户数量不断萎缩、绿色农产品溢价空间有限、有机农业规模与认证面积相对较小等现实难题。为应对上述挑战,日本采取了大力培育新型农业经营主体,积极推进有机农业国际化发展;立足“产消连携”,创造地域环境共生产业链等创新路径。基于此,对我国农业绿色高质量发展提出以下建议:明确农业绿色发展路径,建立化学品投入减量化技术标准;制定生态农户认定制度,培育农业绿色发展接班人;重视发挥社会学术团体的功能与作用,营造农业绿色发展法治化环境;立足优质农产品“地产地消”,构建绿色农产品全国统一大市场。关键词:绿色发展;日本;有机农业;环境保全型农业;生态补贴中图分类号:f33/37开放科学码(资源服务)标识码(osid):sustainableagriculturaldevelopmentfromgreenperspectivejapan:paths,results,policyinspirationsmajianyuhaozhoujiaregionaldevelopmentstudies,jiangxinormaluniversity,nanchang330022,china;inter-culturalstudies,jiangxinormaluniversity,nanchang330022,china)abstract:promotingagriculturaldevelopmentfromgreenperspectiveimportantdirectionruralareas.sincegreendevelopmentmodelagriculturehasgraduallyformedorganicagricultureenvironmentallyfriendlyagriculturemainpaths.japanhasachievedcertainresultssystemconstruction,policysupport,identificationecologicalfarmers,reductionchemicalinput,otheraspectsundertakingseveralmeasures,2022年度江西省智库研究项目(22zk24)和2020年度国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(72063019)资助主要研究方向为生态农业与农业国际合作。e-mail:military_yh@163.com主要研究方向为农业经营理论与政策,产业经济与乡村振兴。e-mail:tottori2004@sina.com收稿日期:2022-05-13　接受日期:2022-08-31thinktankresearchprojectjiangxi(22zk24),regionalfundprogramnationalnaturalsciencefoundationchina(72063019).correspondingauthor,e-mail:military_yh@163.comreceivedmay13,2022;acceptedaug.31,2022中国生态农业学报(中英文)　2023chinesejournalofeco-agriculture,jan.2023,31(1):149162http://www.ecoagri.ac.cnorganization,establishmentsoundlegalsystem,guidingroleexcellentcases.inductivemethodsystematicallydeterminerelevantorganizationsevolu-tionregulatorysystemgreenagriculturaldevelopmentjapan.additionally,casestudymethodsuccessfulpathsmainexperiencessomeexcellentcases.wefoundcoordinatedpro-motionmechanismintegratingofficialscitizenshasgraduallyformedjapanuponsocialgroups,parlia-mentarianunions,organicsocieties,otherorganizations.second,moreaccuratesupportsystemregulationshasgraduallybeenbuiltcompetentadministrativedepartmentsundercontinuousimprovementrelevantpoliciesgreendevelopmentagriculture.meanwhile,varioushonorsjapanesecharacteristicshavebeensetcompetentdepart-mentsencouragefarmers agriculturalbusiness organizations choosegreen production behavior; many excellent farmers agriculturalorganizations have emerged gooddemonstration leadingrole sustainabledevelopment japan.however, overallscale environmentallyfriendly ag- riculture japanremains nicheindustry nationalagricultural layout. although penetrationrate environmentallyfriendly agriculture has increased considerably, japan still faces some realistic challenges, decreasingnumber ecologic-al farming households, limited premium space greenagricultural products, relativelysmall scale certificationarea ganicagriculture. challenges,japan has made great efforts cultivatenew agricultural business entities act-ively promote internationaldevelopment organicagriculture. addition,japan has explored many innovation paths, creatingregional environmental symbiotic industrial chains based consumption”.based followingsuggestions putforward high-qualityagricultural development china:first, clarify-